连接器和 API

数据库连接器为客户端提供了连接数据库服务端的方式，APIs 提供了使用 MySQL 协议和资源的底层接口。无论是连接器还是 API，都可以用来在不同的语言和环境内连接服务器并执行 sql 语句，包括 odbc、java(jdbc)、Perl、Python、PHP、Ruby 和 C。

TiDB 兼容 MySQL(5.6、5.7) 的所有连接器和 API，包括：

使用 MySQL 连接器连接 TiDB

Oracle 官方提供了以下 API，TiDB 可以兼容所有这些 API。

MySQL Connector/C：C 语言的客户端库，是 libmysqlclient 的替代品
MySQL Connector/C++：C++ 语言的客户端库
MySQL Connector/J：Java 语言的客户端库，基于标准 JDBC 接口
MySQL Connector/Net：.Net 语言的客户端库，MySQL for Visual Studio使用这个库，支持 Microsoft Visual Studio 2012，2013，2015和2017版本
MySQL Connector/ODBC：标准的 ODBC 接口，支持 Windows，Unix 和 OS X
MySQL Connector/Python：Python 语言的客户端包，和 Python DB API version 2.0 一致

使用 MySQL C API 连接 TiDB

如果使用 C 语言程序直接连接 TiDB，可以直接链接 libmysqlclient 库，使用 MySQL 的 C API，这是最主要的一种 C 语言连接方式，被各种客户端和 API 广泛使用，包括 Connector/C。

使用 MySQL 第三方 API 连接 TiDB

第三方 API 非 Oracle 官方提供，下表列出了常用的第三方 API：

Environment	API	Type	Notes
Ada	GNU Ada MySQL Bindings	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Bindings for GNU Ada
C	C API	`libmysqlclient`	See Section 27.8, “MySQL C API”.
C	Connector/C	Replacement for `libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Connector/C Developer Guide.
C++	Connector/C++	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Connector/C++ Developer Guide.
	MySQL++	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL++ Web site.
	MySQL wrapped	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL wrapped.
Go	go-sql-driver	Native Driver	See Mysql Go API
Cocoa	MySQL-Cocoa	`libmysqlclient`	Compatible with the Objective-C Cocoa environment. Seehttp://mysql-cocoa.sourceforge.net/
D	MySQL for D	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL for D.
Eiffel	Eiffel MySQL	`libmysqlclient`	See Section 27.14, “MySQL Eiffel Wrapper”.
Erlang	`erlang-mysql-driver`	`libmysqlclient`	See `erlang-mysql-driver`.
Haskell	Haskell MySQL Bindings	Native Driver	See Brian O’Sullivan’s pure Haskell MySQL bindings.
	`hsql-mysql`	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL driver for Haskell .
Java/JDBC	Connector/J	Native Driver	See MySQL Connector/J 5.1 Developer Guide.
Kaya	MyDB	`libmysqlclient`	See MyDB.
Lua	LuaSQL	`libmysqlclient`	See LuaSQL.
.NET/Mono	Connector/Net	Native Driver	See MySQL Connector/Net Developer Guide.
Objective Caml	OBjective Caml MySQL Bindings	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Bindings for Objective Caml.
Octave	Database bindings for GNU Octave	`libmysqlclient`	See Database bindings for GNU Octave.
ODBC	Connector/ODBC	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Connector/ODBC Developer Guide.
Perl	`DBI`/`DBD::mysql`	`libmysqlclient`	See Section 27.10, “MySQL Perl API”.
	`Net::MySQL`	Native Driver	See `Net::MySQL` at CPAN
PHP	`mysql`, `ext/mysql`interface (deprecated)	`libmysqlclient`	See Original MySQL API.
	`mysqli`, `ext/mysqli`interface	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Improved Extension.
	`PDO_MYSQL`	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Functions (PDO_MYSQL).
	PDO mysqlnd	Native Driver
Python	Connector/Python	Native Driver	See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide.
Python	Connector/Python C Extension	`libmysqlclient`	See MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide.
	MySQLdb	`libmysqlclient`	See Section 27.11, “MySQL Python API”.
Ruby	MySQL/Ruby	`libmysqlclient`	Uses `libmysqlclient`. See Section 27.12.1, “The MySQL/Ruby API”.
	Ruby/MySQL	Native Driver	See Section 27.12.2, “The Ruby/MySQL API”.
Scheme	`Myscsh`	`libmysqlclient`	See `Myscsh`.
SPL	`sql_mysql`	`libmysqlclient`	See `sql_mysql` for SPL.
Tcl	MySQLtcl	`libmysqlclient`	See Section 27.13, “MySQL Tcl API”.

TiDB 支持的连接器版本

Connector	Connector version
Connector/C	6.1.0 GA
Connector/C++	1.0.5 GA
Connector/J	5.1.8
Connector/Net	6.9.9 GA
Connector/Net	6.8.8 GA
Connector/ODBC	5.1
Connector/ODBC	3.51 (Unicode not supported)
Connector/Python	2.0
Connector/Python	1.2