Keywords are words that have significance in SQL. Certain keywords, such as SELECT
, UPDATE
, or DELETE
, are reserved and require special treatment for use as identifiers such as table and column names. For example, as table names, the reserved words must be quoted with backquotes:
mysql> CREATE TABLE select (a INT);
ERROR 1105 (HY000): line 0 column 19 near " (a INT)" (total length 27)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `select` (a INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
The BEGIN
and END
are keywords but not reserved words, so you do not need to quote them with backquotes:
mysql> CREATE TABLE `select` (BEGIN int, END int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Exception: A word that follows a period .
qualifier does not need to be quoted with backquotes either:
mysql> CREATE TABLE test.select (BEGIN int, END int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
The following table lists the keywords and reserved words in TiDB. The reserved words are labelled with ®.
ACTION | ADD ® | ADDDATE |
---|---|---|
ADMIN | AFTER | ALL ® |
ALTER ® | ALWAYS | ANALYZE® |
AND ® | ANY | AS ® |
ASC ® | ASCII | AUTO_INCREMENT |
AVG | AVG_ROW_LENGTH | BEGIN |
BETWEEN ® | BIGINT ® | BINARY ® |
BINLOG | BIT | BIT_XOR |
BLOB ® | BOOL | BOOLEAN |
BOTH ® | BTREE | BY ® |
BYTE | CASCADE ® | CASE ® |
CAST | CHANGE ® | CHAR ® |
CHARACTER ® | CHARSET | CHECK ® |
CHECKSUM | COALESCE | COLLATE ® |
COLLATION | COLUMN ® | COLUMNS |
COMMENT | COMMIT | COMMITTED |
COMPACT | COMPRESSED | COMPRESSION |
CONNECTION | CONSISTENT | CONSTRAINT ® |
CONVERT ® | COUNT | CREATE ® |
CROSS ® | CURRENT_DATE ® | CURRENT_TIME ® |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ® | CURRENT_USER ® | CURTIME |
DATA | DATABASE ® | DATABASES ® |
DATE | DATE_ADD | DATE_SUB |
DATETIME | DAY | DAY_HOUR ® |
DAY_MICROSECOND ® | DAY_MINUTE ® | DAY_SECOND ® |
DDL | DEALLOCATE | DEC |
DECIMAL ® | DEFAULT ® | DELAY_KEY_WRITE |
DELAYED ® | DELETE ® | DESC ® |
DESCRIBE ® | DISABLE | DISTINCT ® |
DISTINCTROW ® | DIV ® | DO |
DOUBLE ® | DROP ® | DUAL ® |
DUPLICATE | DYNAMIC | ELSE ® |
ENABLE | ENCLOSED | END |
ENGINE | ENGINES | ENUM |
ESCAPE | ESCAPED | EVENTS |
EXCLUSIVE | EXECUTE | EXISTS |
EXPLAIN ® | EXTRACT | FALSE ® |
FIELDS | FIRST | FIXED |
FLOAT ® | FLUSH | FOR ® |
FORCE ® | FOREIGN ® | FORMAT |
FROM ® | FULL | FULLTEXT ® |
FUNCTION | GENERATED ® | GET_FORMAT |
GLOBAL | GRANT ® | GRANTS |
GROUP ® | GROUP_CONCAT | HASH |
HAVING ® | HIGH_PRIORITY ® | HOUR |
HOUR_MICROSECOND ® | HOUR_MINUTE ® | HOUR_SECOND ® |
IDENTIFIED | IF ® | IGNORE ® |
IN ® | INDEX ® | INDEXES |
INFILE ® | INNER ® | INSERT ® |
INT ® | INTEGER ® | INTERVAL ® |
INTO ® | IS ® | ISOLATION |
JOBS | JOIN ® | JSON |
KEY ® | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE | KEYS ® |
KILL ® | LEADING ® | LEFT ® |
LESS | LEVEL | LIKE ® |
LIMIT ® | LINES ® | LOAD ® |
LOCAL | LOCALTIME ® | LOCALTIMESTAMP ® |
LOCK ® | LONGBLOB ® | LONGTEXT ® |
LOW_PRIORITY ® | MAX | MAX_ROWS |
MAXVALUE ® | MEDIUMBLOB ® | MEDIUMINT ® |
MEDIUMTEXT ® | MICROSECOND | MIN |
MIN_ROWS | MINUTE | MINUTE_MICROSECOND ® |
MINUTE_SECOND ® | MIN | MIN_ROWS |
MINUTE | MINUTE_MICROSECOND | MINUTE_SECOND |
MOD ® | MODE | MODIRY |
MONTH | NAMES | NATIONAL |
NATURAL ® | NO | NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ® |
NONE | NOT ® | NOW |
NULL ® | NUMERIC ® | NVARCHAR ® |
OFFSET | ON ® | ONLY |
OPTION ® | OR ® | ORDER ® |
OUTER ® | PARTITION ® | PARTITIONS |
PASSWORD | PLUGINS | POSITION |
PRECISION ® | PREPARE | PRIMARY ® |
PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE ® | PROCESS |
PROCESSLIST | QUARTER | QUERY |
QUICK | RANGE ® | READ ® |
REAL ® | REDUNDANT | REFERENCES ® |
REGEXP ® | RENAME ® | REPEAT ® |
REPEATABLE | REPLACE ® | RESTRICT ® |
REVERSE | REVOKE ® | RIGHT ® |
RLIKE ® | ROLLBACK | ROW |
ROW_COUNT | ROW_FORMAT | SCHEMA |
SCHEMAS | SECOND | SECOND_MICROSECOND ® |
SELECT ® | SERIALIZABLE | SESSION |
SET ® | SHARE | SHARED |
SHOW ® | SIGNED | SMALLINT ® |
SNAPSHOT | SOME | SQL_CACHE |
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS ® | SQL_NO_CACHE | START |
STARTING ® | STATS | STATS_BUCKETS |
STATS_HISTOGRAMS | STATS_META | STATS_PERSISTENT |
STATUS | STORED ® | SUBDATE |
SUBSTR | SUBSTRING | SUM |
SUPER | TABLE ® | TABLES |
TERMINATED ® | TEXT | THAN |
THEN ® | TIDB | TIDB_INLJ |
TIDB_SMJ | TIME | TIMESTAMP |
TIMESTAMPADD | TIMESTAMPDIFF | TINYBLOB ® |
TINYINT ® | TINYTEXT ® | TO ® |
TRAILING ® | TRANSACTION | TRIGGER ® |
TRIGGERS | TRIM | TRUE ® |
TRUNCATE | UNCOMMITTED | UNION ® |
UNIQUE ® | UNKNOWN | UNLOCK ® |
UNSIGNED ® | UPDATE ® | USE ® |
USER | USING ® | UTC_DATE ® |
UTC_TIME ® | UTC_TIMESTAMP ® | VALUE |
VALUES ® | VARBINARY ® | VARCHAR ® |
VARIABLES | VIEW | VIRTUAL ® |
WARNINGS | WEEK | WHEN ® |
WHERE ® | WITH ® | WRITE ® |
XOR ® | YEAR | YEAR_MONTH ® |
ZEROFILL ® |
What’s on this page